united nations development programme international cooperation behind national borders an inventory of domestic policy measures aimed at internalizing cross border spillovers adversely affecting the global environment a undp ods background paper by sylvain merlen prepared for book project new public finance responding to challenges office studies york june 28 2005 note views expressed in this do not necessarily reflect those please send comments and suggestions following e mail address org addressing environmental externalities 1 table contents introduction 2 i methodological data sources b representativeness c criteria used selecting qualifying initiatives 3 d determining commencement date ii main findings conclusion 6 references 7 annex list country level 15 presents reducing or perhaps even eliminating that might affect commons such as atmosphere ozone layer contribute loss biodiversity