1 patents as indicators prof bronwyn h hall university of california at berkeley and nber october 2004 2 outline woverview wmeasures innovation value knowledge flows 3 wa patent is a property right to asset counts can be useful measures innovative output n the firm industry country level over time weighted by number subsequent citations that receive wcitations from one another an imperfect but map links between these bits or 4 wusing requires some understanding what they mean how why are taken out administered enforced all this changes 5 measuring using early literature wschmookler 1960 book pioneer in use statistics wscherer s aer 1965 work oil chemicals steel 6 griliches et al 1980 w first computerized uspto data large sample conclusions
