commercial market for cargo operations aviation systems architecture allen c haggerty massachusetts institute of technology march 2 2004 total giant consisting trucking rail seaborne air as the world gets smaller gross volume freight has increased dramatically sea land river lakes ocean types small package delivery less than truckload airline belly eg aa dl jal palletized containterized bulkcargo intermodal transportation although there are numerous equipment some standardization been achieved in containers pallets 8 x 20 40 containerships capacity up to 9000 size 950 length 100 000 tons gw evergreen containership taiwan modern container ships beam greater 110 ft can t transit panama canal too wide crew only 13 us destroyer is 360 3200 diesel powered 22 23 knots automated low labor costs optimized efficiency reduced ton mile port facilities huge logistical investment automation key speed unloading minim izaton reduce one man handling hong kong pearl delta containerport millions
