nanophotonics assessment of 273 report om 31 technology and market opportunities january 2005 strategies unlimited 9 photovoltaic applications 1 highlights a mature entrenched the solar cell is now decades old dominated by crystalline silicon cells mono preferred for its relatively low price reliability reasonable efficiency many new challengers to wide variety approaches are appearing challenge dominance all them use some type thin film structure but similarities end there amorphous or compound semiconductors nonvacuum processes which reduces cost manufacture organic compounds raises issues degradation nanotechnology such as titania nanoparticles carbon fullerenes strong demand reliable products inexpensive energy customers homebuilders utilities notoriously demanding conservative we estimate overall at 3 2 billion in 2004 with about 32 annual growth emerging technologies will find early adoption consumer military building integrated builds retrofits these oppor tunities could amount over 400 million
