congressional research service the library of congress crs report for received through web order code rl33581 climate change european union s emissions trading system eu ets july 31 2006 larry parker specialist in energy policy resources science and industry division summary is a cornerstone efforts to meet its obligation under kyoto protocol it covers more than 11 500 intensive facilities across 25 member countries including oil refineries powerplants over 20 megawatts mw capacity coke ovens iron steel plants along with cement glass lime brick ceramics pulp paper installations covered entities emit about 45 carbon dioxide program does not cover non co 2 greenhouse gases which account total gas first period began january 1 2005 second scheduled begin 2008 third one planned 2013 deciding on commission ec adopted