chapter v economic impact 1 epa has categorized passenger vehicles primarily suvs and vans between 8 500 pounds 10 000 gvwr as mdpvs included them in the tier 2 program even though nlev ends time frame we have not our analysis since analyzed adopted previously are required to meet engine based standards prior 2004 projected technologies likely be used by manufacturers 2003 form baseline for these a of on vehicle costs this section presents detailed related estimate would incurred consumers result b cost estimates fuels changes include incremental various hardware components well up front research development r&d certification facilities upgrades impacts increases purchase price
