energy coffee an assessment of blind spots on spotmarkets study commissioned by delta institute 9728 jt groningen the netherlands e mail info energydelta nl internet www prof dr catrinus j jepma eise spijker msc wytze van der gaast friso de jong foundation joint implementation network 9765 td paterswolde jin jiqweb org stichting meerkoetlaan 30 a 1 table contents foreword 3 introduction 4 2 objective and methodology 5 in theory 7 commodity market characteristics spotmarket 10 what do existing spot markets look like how well they function 12 physical primary aluminium 17 non foreign exchange currencies 25 overall 26 comparing with 27 tradability commodities sources supply demand flexibility 29 conclusion 32 6 implications for future research 38