dense wavelength division multiplexing dwdm the hunger for bandwidth frontiers presentation sam njuki march 14 2001 introduction fiber optic cables time tdm technology 2 4 gb s on a single increase rate to 10 high and explosive growth of internet capacity 16 fold throughput 40 meets demand historic perspective evolution transmission circa 2500 bc earliest known glass roman times is drawn into fibers in 1840s 1954 total internal reflection at air interface 1958 invention laser by bell labs 1960 development clad 1961 with cores so small they carried light only one waveguide mode 1970 attenuation 633 nanometer helium neon line below 20 db km since early 1980s massive computerization deployment industry acceptance sonet sdh equipment installed today utilizes less than 1 intrinsic
