1 made for china energy efficiency standards and labels household appliances jiang lin environmental technology division lawrence berkeley national laboratory california 94720 email j_lin lbl gov introduction since introduced in the 1960 s have been widely adopted world as one of most effective policies to raise end use these gained increasing popularity among government agencies because not only they are tools achieving saving climate change goals but also can bring substantial economic benefits consumers economy terms reduced costs avoided investment generating capacities wiel mcmahon 2001 by focusing on manufacturers effectively remove inefficient consuming products from market place while guide competition toward higher providing performance information help make informed choices their purchasing decision be either mandatory or voluntary often complementary successful examples include minimum united states top runner program japan comparative
