public and private schools in rural india karthik muralidharan 1 michael kremer march 22 2006 2 department of economics harvard university please address correspondence to muralidh fas edu or mkremer we thank nazmul chaudhury jeffrey hammer halsey rogers for their collaboration insights on the global study that generated data this paper is based konstantin styrin valuable research assistance offer thanks staff social institute new delhi especially chhavi bhargava navendu shekhar a v surya aditi varma conducting overseeing fieldwork primary surveys also participants at pepg conference rajashri chakrabarti paul peterson comments suggestions all errors are our own abstract presents results from nationally representative survey conducted 2003 28 population has access fee charging same village nearly 50 sample having been established 5 fewer years before time suggesting rapid growth number