how do consortia organize collaborative r&d evidence from the national cooperative research act suzanne e majewski dean v williamson draft april 12 2004 abstract was passed in 1984 to stimulate and development agreements may be welfare improving for a wide range of factors including reducing duplication internalizing spillovers synergy learning avoiding transactions costs yet empirical analyses general particular are extremely rare we explore new detailed dataset on contracts derived ncra examine firms identify clustering contractual terms into groups each which constitutes distinct joint venture governance structure find that large portion outsource their third parties fact does not accord well with some theoretical literature more likely program when members horizontally related suggesting product market rivalry influences is organized also modes contracting consistent several other theories but less prevalent than might otherwise anticipated overall
