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Europe's gas markets are rapidly changing and opening up to liberalization and new market entrants; this report provides an in-depth analysis of 17 Western European gas markets, with detailed data on supply and demand balances and coverage of the implementation of the EU Gas Directive. Country profiles also feature an overview of supply and demand, an examination of key governmental, legal and political influences on the sector and an analysis of wholesale trading and the pipeline, LNG and storage infrastructure, now and in the future.

Table of Contents
 
The Western European Gas Market Outlook
 
Regional overview 12
 
Regulatory climate 12
 
Market development 14
 
Chapter 1 Austria 16
 
Market summary 16
 
Supply and demand balance 17
 
Supply overview 17
 
Demand overview 19
 
Regulatory structure 20
 
Wholesale trading 21
 
Overview 21
 
Infrastructure 22
 
Pipelines 22
 
Storage 23
 
Chapter 2 Belgium 26
 
Market summary 26
 
Supply and demand balance 26
 
Supply overview 27
 
Demand overview 27
 
Regulatory structure 29
 
Wholesale trading 30
 
Infrastructure 31
 
Pipelines 31
 
LNG 33
 
Capacity deals signed 33
 
Chapter 3 Cyprus 36
 
Chapter 4 Denmark 38
 
Market summary 38
 
Supply and demand balance 38
 
Supply overview 39
 
Demand overview 40
 
Regulatory structure 42
 
Wholesale trading 43
 
Infrastructure 44
 
Pipelines 44
 
Storage 44
 
Chapter 5 Finland 46
 
Market summary 46
 
Supply and demand balance 46
 
Supply overview 47
 
Demand overview 47
 
Regulatory structure 48
 
Infrastructure 49
 
Pipelines 49
 
Chapter 6 France 52
 
Market summary 52
 
Supply and demand balance 53
 
Supply overview 53
 
Demand overview 55
 
Regulatory structure 55
 
Key factors limiting the development of competition in France 56
 
Wholesale trading 57
 
Infrastructure 58
 
LNG 58
 
Pipeline infrastructure 59
 
Pipelines 60
 
Chapter 7 Germany 64
 
Market summary 64
 
Supply and demand balance 64
 
Supply overview 65
 
Demand overview 66
 
Regulatory structure 67
 
Wholesale trading 69
 
Infrastructure 70
 
Chapter 8 Greece 74
 
Market summary 74
 
Supply and demand balance 74
 
Supply overview 75
 
Demand overview 76
 
Regulatory structure 77
 
Infrastructure 78
 
LNG 78
 
Chapter 9 Ireland 80
 
Market summary 80
 
Supply and demand balance 81
 
Supply overview 81
 
Demand overview 84
 
Regulatory structure 85
 
Infrastructure 86
 
Chapter 10 Italy 90
 
Market summary 90
 
Supply overview 91
 
Demand overview 92
 
Regulatory structure 93
 
Wholesale trading 94
 
Infrastructure 95
 
Pipelines 95
 
LNG Infrastructure 96
 
Storage sites 97
 
Chapter 11 Luxembourg 100
 
Market summary 100
 
Supply and demand balance 100
 
Supply overview 101
 
Demand overview 101
 
Regulatory structure 102
 
Infrastructure 103
 
Pipelines 103
 
Chapter 12 Malta 106
 
Market summary 106
 
Chapter 13 The Netherlands 108
 
Market summary 108
 
Supply and demand balance 108
 
Supply overview 109
 
Demand overview 111
 
Regulatory structure 112
 
Wholesale trading 113
 
Infrastructure 114
 
Pipelines 114
 
Storage 114
 
Chapter 14 Portugal 118
 
Market summary 118
 
Supply and demand balance 119
 
Supply overview 119
 
Demand overview 120
 
Regulatory structure 122
 
Infrastructure 123
 
LNG 123
 
Storage 124
 
Chapter 15 Spain 126
 
Market summary 126
 
Supply and demand balance 127
 
Supply overview 127
 
Demand overview 129
 
Regulatory structure 130
 
Infrastructure 132
 
LNG 132
 
Storage 135
 
Chapter 16 Sweden 138
 
Market summary 138
 
Supply and demand balance 138
 
Supply overview 139
 
Demand overview 139
 
Regulatory structure 141
 
Infrastructure 141
 
Pipelines 141
 
Chapter 17 United Kingdom 144
 
Market summary 144
 
Supply and demand balance 144
 
Supply overview 145
 
Demand overview 146
 
Regulatory structure 148
 
Wholesale trading 149
 
Infrastructure 150
 
Transmission and distribution 150
 
Offshore Infrastructure 151
 
LNG 153
 
Storage 154
 
Appendix 156
 
Definitions 156
 
Methodologies 157
 
Statistical Notes 158
 
List of Figures
 
Figure 0.1: Gas Penetration Vs. Absolute Demand 14
 
Figure 1.2: Austria, Gas Production 18
 
Figure 1.3: Austria, Imports By Source, 2003 18
 
Figure 1.4: Austria, Energy Demand, 2003 19
 
Figure 1.5: Austria, Sectoral Consumption, 1960-2003 19
 
Figure 1.6: Austria, Gas Grid 23
 
Figure 2.7: Belgium Supply Sources 2003 27
 
Figure 2.8: Belgium, Sectoral Demand, 2003 28
 
Figure 2.9: Belgium, Historical Sectoral Demand 28
 
Figure 4.10: Denmark, Supply Sources 2003 39
 
Figure 4.11: Denmark, Gas Production 40
 
Figure 4.12: Denmark, Sectoral Demand, 2003 41
 
Figure 4.13: Denmark Historical Sectoral Demand 41
 
Figure 5.14: Finland, Sectoral Demand, 2003 47
 
Figure 5.15: Finland, Historical Sectoral Demand 48
 
Figure 5.16: Finland, Gas Grid 50
 
Figure 6.17: France, Gas Production, 1960-2003 54
 
Figure 6.18: France, Import Sources, 2003 54
 
Figure 6.19: France, Transmission Grid 61
 
Figure 7.20: Germany, Gas Production 65
 
Figure 7.21: Germany, Imports By Source, 2003 66
 
Figure 7.22: Germany, Sectoral Demand 2003 66
 
Figure 7.23: Germany, Historical Sectoral Consumption 67
 
Figure 8.24: Greece, Indigenous Production 75
 
Figure 8.25: Greece, Sectoral Demand, 2003 76
 
Figure 8.26: Greece, Historical Sectoral Demand 77
 
Figure 9.27: Ireland, Gas Production, 1960-2003 83
 
Figure 9.28: Ireland, Imports By Source, 2003 83
 
Figure 9.29: Ireland, Energy Demand, 2003 84
 
Figure 9.30: Ireland, Historical Sectoral Demand 85
 
Figure 10.31: Italy, Gas Production 91
 
Figure 10.32: Italy, Imports By Source, 2003 92
 
Figure 10.33: Italy, Sectoral Demand, 2003 92
 
Figure 10.34: Italy, Historical Sectoral Demand 93
 
Figure 10.35: Italy, Gas Infrastructure 97
 
Figure 11.36: Luxembourg, Sectoral Demand, 2003 101
 
Figure 11.37: Luxembourg, Historical Sectoral Demand 102
 
Figure 11.38: Luxembourg, Gas Grid 103
 
Figure 13.39: The Netherlands, Gas Production 110
 
Figure 13.40: The Netherlands, Imports By Source, 2003 110
 
Figure 13.41: The Netherlands, Sectoral Demand, 2003 111
 
Figure 14.42: Portugal, Imports By Source, 2003 120
 
Figure 14.43: Portugal, Sectoral Demand, 2003 121
 
Figure 14.44: Portugal, Historical Sectoral Demand, 1960-2003 121
 
Figure 15.45: Spain, Gas Production 128
 
Figure 15.46: Spain, Imports By Source, 2003 128
 
Figure 15.47: Spain, Sectoral Demand, 2003 129
 
Figure 15.48: Spain, Historical Sectoral Demand, 1960-2003 130
 
Figure 15.49: Spain, Gas Grid 134
 
Figure 16.50: Sweden, Sectoral Demand, 2003 140
 
Figure 16.51: Sweden, Historical Sectoral Demand, 1960-2003 140
 
Figure 16.52: Sweden, Gas Grid 142
 
Figure 17.53: UK, Gas Production, 1960-2003 145
 
Figure 17.54: UK, Imports By Source, 2003 146
 
Figure 17.55: UK, Sectoral Demand, 2003 147
 
Figure 17.56: UK, Historical Sectoral Demand 147
 
List of Tables
 
Table 1.1: Austria, Supply and Demand Balance 17
 
Table 1.2: Austria, Supply and Demand Balance 23
 
Table 2.3: Belgium, Supply and Demand Balance 26
 
Table 2.4: Belgium, Interconnector Ownership 31
 
Table 2.5: Belgium, Storage Sites 34
 
Table 4.6: Denmark, Supply and Demand Balance 38
 
Table 4.7: Denmark, Storage Sites 44
 
Table 5.8: Finland, Supply and Demand Balance 46
 
Table 6.9: France, Supply and Demand Balance 53
 
Table 6.10: France, LNG Infrastructure 59
 
Table 6.11: France, LNG Infrastructure 61
 
Table 7.12: Germany, Supply and Demand Balance 64
 
Table 7.13: Germany, Storage Sites 72
 
Table 8.14: Greece, Supply and Demand Balance 74
 
Table 9.15: Ireland, Supply and Demand Balance 81
 
Table 9.16: Ireland, Transmission Grid 87
 
Table 10.17: Italy, Supply and Demand Balance 90
 
Table 10.18: Italy, LNG Infrastructure 96
 
Table 10.19: Italy, Storage Sites 97
 
Table 11.20: Luxembourg, Supply and Demand Balance 100
 
Table 13.21: The Netherlands, Supply and Demand Balance 108
 
Table 13.22: The Netherlands, Storage Sites 115
 
Table 14.23: Portugal, Supply and Demand Balance 119
 
Table 15.24: Spain, Supply and Demand Balance 127
 
Table 15.25: Spain, LNG Infrastructure 133
 
Table 15.26: Spain, Storage Sites 135
 
Table 16.27: Sweden, Supply and Demand Balance 138
 
Table 17.28: UK, Supply and Demand Balance 144
 
Table 17.29: UK, LNG Infrastructure 154
 
Table 17.30: UK, Storage Sites 155