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The importance, danger and costs of tuberculosis in the 21st century cannot be understated or underestimated. Though nearly extinct in the 20th century, over 1.6 billion people worldwide suffer from tuberculosis, and it is now presenting a major crisis in public health circles.
As illustrated by Kenneth G. Krul, Phd in Kalorama Information's Global Tuberculosis Strategies, there are abundant opportunities for diagnostic and pharmaceutical companies in combating the global tuberculosis threat. There are primarily three focal points for the development of strategy for combating tuberculosis: potential market, epidemiology (tuberculosis patient trends) and technology, and Krul reviews how diagnostic and pharmaceutical companies can incorporate these focal points into strategy.

Lack of proper diagnosis is one of the barriers to tuberculosis treatment. Krul goes into detail about screening techniques and the potential market for diagnostic products. In addition, treatment markets are defined for major regions of the world.

Kalorama Information's Global Tuberculosis Strategies, authored by Kalorama Information analyst Kenneth G. Krul, PhD, covers these points in detail and presents the most authoritative look at the global tuberculosis threat, strategies to combat tuberculosis, and the market opportunities that can be created in tuberculosis treatment. As part of its coverage, the report includes:

Extensive Tuberculosis Etiology necessary to understand this unique disease.
Epidemiologic Statistics including 30 Tables of Incidence, Prevalence and Mortality Statistics by Region and by Type of Tuberculosis.
Theoretical Market Sizes for Screening/Diagnosis as well as Treatment by Region and by Type of Tuberculosis (MDR and non-MDR).
Complete overview of Tuberculosis Screening Procedures.
Review of Products used for treatment of Tuberculosis.
A Glossary of Important Terms.
A truly global round-up, the report focuses in detail on the following regions:
Africa
The Americas
Eastern Mediterranean
Europe
Southeast Asia
Western Pacific
Marketing directors, product managers, sales managers and business development executives in both diagnostic and pharmaceutical companies will benefit from this unique resource.

CHAPTER ONE: Executive Summary
Market Potential
Epidemiology
Technology
Scope and Methodology

CHAPTER TWO: The Basics of TuberculosiS
Tuberculosis Fundamentals
Etiology and Pathogenesis
Etiology
Pathogenesis
Primary Infection
Secondary/Disseminated Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis Epidemiology
General Epidemiology
Molecular Epidemiology

CHAPTER THREE: Tuberculosis Screening and DiagnosiS
Overview
Skin Testing
Laboratory Testing
Adenosine Deaminas
Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT)/Molecular Diagnostics
Interferon-
Microbiological Studies
Culture - vs - Non-Culture Testing
Culture-Based Systems
Non-Culture Methods
Nucleic Acid Amplification (NAA)
Diagnostic development must be based on assessment of medical needs.
Specifications must be defined.
The tests should be designed to be used where the patients are.
There is insufficient knowledge about local conditions:
High-tech strategies should not be force-fit to low-tech settings:
Simplification is needed in the interim:
Fundamental research questions must be addressed.
Public leadership is required in priority setting:
Access and pricing issues must be clarified.

CHAPTER FOUR: Tuberculosis Therapeutics
Tuberculosis Drugs: First Line
Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampin (RIF)
Ethambutol (EMB)
Pyrazinamide (PZA)
Tuberculosis Drugs: Second Line
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Polypeptides
Thioamides
Cycloserine
p-Aminosalicylic Acid
Other Drugs
Management of Relapse, Treatment Failure, and Drug Resistance
Treatment of Tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS Patients
Multi-Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis
Therapeutic Progress

CHAPTER FIVE: Strategic Assessment of Tuberculosis
Market Potential
Global Tuberculosis Strategies
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
The Stop TB Partnership
Global Drug Facility (GDF)
APPENDIX: Glossary

table of exhibits
CHAPTER ONE: Executive Summary
Table 1-1: Estimated Theoretical Total Global Market Potentials for Tuberculosis Testing & Therapeutics Products by Region, 2005 (Millions)
Figure 1-1: Theoretical Distribution of Global Tuberculosis Therapeutics and Testing Products Markets : 2005
Figure 1-2: Theoretical Distribution of the Total Global Tuberculosis Testing Products Markets: 2005
Figure 1-3: Theoretical Distribution of the Total Global Tuberculosis Therapeutics Markets: 2005
Table 1-2: Global Tuberculosis Incidence by Region: 2005
Table 1-3: Global Tuberculosis Prevalence by Region: 2005
Table 1-4: Global Tuberculosis Mortality by Region : 2005
CHAPTER TWO: The Basics of Tuberculosis
Table 2-1: Global Tuberculosis Incidence by Region: 2005
Table 2-2: Tuberculosis Incidence in High-Burden Countries: 2005
Figure 2-1: Global Tuberculosis Incidence Rates by Region: 2005 (Cases per 100,000 Population per Year)
Figure 2-2: Global Tuberculosis Incidence Distribution by Region: 2005
Figure 2-3: Global Tuberculosis Incidence Distribution versus Population Distribution by Region: 2005
Figure 2-4: Global Tuberculosis Incidence Rates by Region: 1990 - vs - 2005 (Cases per 100,000 Population per Year)
Table 2-3: Global Tuberculosis Prevalence by Region: 2005
Table 2-4: Tuberculosis Prevalence in High-Burden Countries: 2005
Table 2-4: Tuberculosis Prevalence in High-Burden Countries: 2005
Figure 2-5: Global Tuberculosis Prevalence Rates by Region: 2005 (Cases per 100,000 Population per Year)
Figure 2-6: Global Tuberculosis Prevalence Distribution by Region: 2005
Figure 2-7: Global Tuberculosis Prevalence Distribution versus Population Distribution by Region: 2005
Figure 2-8: Global Tuberculosis Prevalence Rates by Region: 1990 - vs - 2005 (Cases per 100,000 Population per Year)
Table 2-5: Global Tuberculosis Mortality by Region(Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Southeast Asia, Western Pacific), 2005
Table 2-6: Tuberculosis Mortality in High-Burden Countries: 2005
Figure 2-9: Global Tuberculosis Mortality Rates by Region: 2005
Figure 2-10: Global Tuberculosis Mortality Distribution by Region: 2005
Figure 2-11: Global Tuberculosis Mortality Distribution versus Population Distribution by Region: 2005
Figure 2-12: Global Tuberculosis Mortality Rates by Region: 1990 - vs - 2005
Figure 2-13: Comparison of Tuberculosis Incidence, Prevalence and Mortality by Region: 2005
Figure 2-14: Comparison of Tuberculosis Incidence, Prevalence and Mortality Rates by Region, 2005
Table 2-7: Global HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Incidence by Region: 2005
Figure 2-15: Global HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Incidence Rates by Region: 2005
Figure 2-16: Global HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Incidence Distribution by Region: 2005
Table 2-8: Global HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Prevalence by Region (Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Southeast Asia, Western Pacific): 2005
Figure 2-17: Global HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Prevalence Rates by Region, 2005 (Cases per 100,000 Population per Year
Figure 2-18: Global HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Prevalence Distribution by Region, 2005
Table 2-9: Global HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Mortality by Region (Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Southeast Asia, Western Pacific), 200
Figure 2-19: Global HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Mortality Rates by Region: 2005 (Deaths per 100,000 Population per Year
Figure 2-20: Global HIV-Associated Tuberculosis Mortality Distribution by Region: 200
CHAPTER THREE: Tuberculosis Screening and Diagnosi
Table 3-1: USDHHS Classification System for Tuberculosi
Table 3-2: CDC Classification System for Tuberculosis in Refugees and Immigrants
Table 3-3: Molecular Diagnostic Assay Products for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis-Like Condition
Table 3-4: Rapid Culture-Based Diagnostic and DST Product
Table 3-5: Phage-Based Tests
Tale 3-6: Manufacturers and Tuberculosis Tests Reviewed by WHO
Table 3-7: Antigen-Based Tuberculosis Diagnosis Tests
Table 3-8: Nucleic Aid Amplification Tests for Tuberculosis Diagnosis
Table 3-9: Other Non-Culture Tests for Tuberculosis Diagnosis
CHAPTER FOUR: Tuberculosis Therapeutics
Table 4-1: Rating System for the Strength of Treatment Recommendations Based on Quality of Evidence
Table 4-2: General Regimen for the Dosing of First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs
Table 4-3: Drug Regimens for Culture-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Caused by Drug-Susceptible Organisms
Table 4-4: General Regimen for the Dosing of Second-Line Antituberculosis Drugs
Table 4-5: Number and Percentage of MDR-TB and XDR-TB Cases by Geographic Region: 2000 - 2004
Table 4-6: New Therapeutics for Tuberculosis in Development
CHAPTER FIVE: Strategic Assessment of Tuberculosis
Figure 5-1: Theoretical Distribution of Global Tuberculosis Therapeutics and Testing Products Markets: 2005
Figure 5-2: Theoretical Distribution of the Total Global Tuberculosis Testing Products Markets: 2005
Figure 5-3: Theoretical Distribution of Global Tuberculosis Testing Products Markets for Screening: 2005
Figure 5-4: Theoretical Distribution of Global Tuberculosis Testing Products Markets for Diagnosis/Susceptibility Testing: 2005
Table 5-2: Estimated Theoretical Total Global Market Potentials for Tuberculosis Testing Products: 2005 (Millions)
Figure 5-5: Theoretical Distribution of the Total Global Tuberculosis Therapeutics Markets: 2005
Figure 5-6: Theoretical Distribution of Global Non-MDR Tuberculosis Therapeutics Markets: 2005
Figure 5-7: Theoretical Distribution of Global MDR/XDR Tuberculosis Therapeutics: 2005
Table 5-3: Estimated Theoretical Total Global Market Potentials for Tuberculosis Therapeutics: 2005
Figure 5-8: Realistic Distribution of Global Tuberculosis Therapeutics and Testing Products Markets: 2005
Table 5-4: Estimated Realistic Global Market Potentials for Tuberculosis Therapeutics and Testing Products: 2005
Figure 5-9: Realistic Distribution of the Total Global Tuberculosis Testing Products Markets: 2005
Figure 5-10: Realistic Distribution of Global Tuberculosis Testing Products Markets for Screening, 2005
Figure 5-11: Realistic Distribution of Global Tuberculosis Testing Products Markets for Diagnosis/Susceptibility Testing: 2005
Table 5-5: Estimated Realistic Total Global Market Potentials for Tuberculosis Testing Products: 2005
Figure 5-12: Realistic Distribution of the Total Global Tuberculosis Therapeutics Markets, 2005
Figure 5-13: Realistic Distribution of Global Non-MDR Tuberculosis Therapeutics Markets: 2005
Figure 5-14: Realistic Distribution of Global MDR/XDR Tuberculosis Therapeutics: 2005
Table 5-6: Estimated Realistic Total Global Market Potentials for Tuberculosis Therapeutics: 2005