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This study analyzes the US market for caps and closures. Products covered include plastic caps and closures (standard threaded, pressure screw, dispensing, child-resistant and other); steel and aluminum caps and closures (screw and lug, roll-on, crown and other); and caps and closures made from other materials (rubber, cork and paperboard). Markets for these products include food and beverages, cosmetics and toiletries, pharmaceuticals and other health care products, household products, and automotive chemicals, among others. Excluded from the study are caps or closures that are an integral part of the container (e.g., aerosol can valve assemblies, metal and composite beverage can tops, peel-up aluminum lids); home canning and bottling closures; most glass closures; caps and closures used on industrial bulk containers; flexible (e.g., aluminum foil, twist tie) closures; champagne overcaps and capsules; and caps and closures used in nonpackaging applications such as valve covers, distributor caps, pen caps, food storage container lids, etc. With the exception of certain rubber closures and metal box lids, the closures covered in the study are those used on containers that are intended for disposal after use.

INTRODUCTION x

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

II. MARKET ENVIRONMENT 4
General 4
Macroeconomic Outlook 5
Demographic & Household Trends 8
Consumer Income & Spending Trends 11
Manufacturing Outlook 13
Packaging Trends 16
Container Overview 19
Types 21
Markets & Materials 24
Plastic 26
Metal 28
Glass 30
Paperboard 32
Historical Market Trends 34
Pricing Trends 37
Environmental Issues 39
Regulatory Issues 41
Global Trends 44
Foreign Trade 46

III. RAW MATERIALS 50
General 50
Plastic Resins 52
Polypropylene 54
Polystyrene 56
Polyethylene 56
Other Resins 58
Metal 60
Steel & Tin 62
Aluminum 63
Other 64
Elastomers 65
Paperboard 66

IV. PRODUCTS 67
General 67
Plastic Caps & Closures 70
Threaded 74
Standard 75
Pressurized 81
Dispensing 84
Pump, Trigger & Spray Dispensers 87
Other Dispensing Closures 89
Producers 92
Unthreaded 92
Lids 94
Aerosol Caps & Closures 97
Synthetic Corks 100
Child-Resistant 104
Products 106
Producers 109
Metal Caps & Closures 109
Screw & Lug 113
Vacuum 115
Nonvacuum 117
Crowns 119
Roll-Ons 122
Products 125
Producers 126
Other 126
Other Caps & Closures 128
Rubber 130
Cork 132
Paperboard 135

V. MARKETS 139
General 139
Beverages 143
Beverage Outlook 144
Cap & Closure Demand 146
Carbonated Soft Drinks 148
Water 150
Wine & Spirits 152
Fruit Beverages 154
Milk 156
Beer 159
Other 161
Food 163
Food & Food Container Outlook 163
Cap & Closure Demand 166
Sauces & Condiments 170
Dairy Products 173
Other 176
Cosmetics & Toiletries 179
Cosmetic & Toiletry Industry Outlook 180
Cap & Closure Demand 182
Products 184
Producers 187
Pharmaceuticals 187
Pharmaceutical Industry Outlook 187
Cap & Closure Demand 189
Household Cleaning Products 193
Household Cleaning Chemicals Outlook 194
Cap & Closure Demand 195
Automotive Chemicals 199
Automotive Chemical Industry Outlook 199
Cap & Closure Demand 201
Other Markets 204

VI. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 207
General 207
Industry Composition 208
Market Share 211
Alcoa 214
Owens-Illinois 214
AptarGroup 215
Berry Plastics 215
Silgan Holdings 216
Other Leaders 217
Acquisitions & Divestitures 218
Marketing 223
Distribution 225
Manufacturing & Development 226
Integration Strategies 228
Cooperative Agreements 229
Company Profiles 231
Airspray NV, see Rexam plc
Alcan Incorporated 232
Alcoa Incorporated 235
Amcor Limited 238
AptarGroup Incorporated 239
Ball Corporation 243
BERICAP Holding GmbH 245
BERICAP North America Incorporated, see Amcor Limited and BERICAP Holding GmbH
Berry Plastics Corporation 248
CCL Industries Incorporated 252
Cebal SA, see Alcan Incorporated
CLARCOR Incorporated 254
Clark (JL) Incorporated, see CLARCOR Incorporated
Cobra Plastics Incorporated 255
ContinentalAFA Dispensing Company 256
Crown Holdings Incorporated 258
Daetwyler Holding Incorporated 261
Dayton Systems Group Incorporated 262
Delta Plastics Incorporated, see Rexam plc
Drug Plastics and Glass Company Incorporated 263
Emsar Incorporated, see AptarGroup Incorporated
Erie Plastics Company 265
Global Closure Systems 266
Helvoet Pharma Incorporated, see Daetwyler Holding
Huhtamaki Oyj 268
Ing. Erich Pfeiffer GmbH, see AptarGroup Incorporated
IPN Europe BV 269
Jarden Corporation 270
Kerr Group Incorporated, see Berry Plastics Corporation
MeadWestvaco Corporation 272
Neocork Technologies Incorporated 273
Nomacorc LLC 274
Novembal USA Incorporated, see Tetra Laval International
Obrist, see Global Closure Systems
Owens-Illinois Group Incorporated 275
Paradigm Packaging Incorporated 279
Penn-Wheeling Closure LLC 280
Phoenix Closures Incorporated 282
Polytop Corporation 283
Portola Packaging Incorporated 284
Precise Technology Incorporated, see Rexam plc
Rexam plc 287
Rieke Packaging Systems, see TriMas Corporation
Saint-Gobain 291
Seaquist Closures LLC, see AptarGroup Incorporated
SeaquistPerfect Dispensing LLC, see AptarGroup Incorporated
Silgan Holdings Incorporated 296
Solo Cup Company 299
Stull Technologies Incorporated 302
Supreme Corq LLC 303
Tetra Laval International SA 304
Top Seal Corporation, see Drug Plastics and Glass
Company Incorporated
Torres & Towers LLC 306
TriMas Corporation 308
Valois SA, see AptarGroup Incorporated
West Pharmaceutical Services Incorporated 310
Wheaton Science Products, see Alcan Incorporated
Yorker Packaging, see Jarden Corporation
Zeller Plastik USA Incorporated, see Global Closure Systems
Other Companies in Caps & Closures 313

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NUMBER PAGE

SECTION I -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Summary Table 3

SECTION II -- MARKET ENVIRONMENT
1 Macroeconomic Indicators 8
2 Population & Households 11
3 Consumer Income & Spending 13
4 Manufacturers’ Shipments 16
5 Packaging Shipments 19
6 Container Demand by Type 24
7 Container Demand by Market & Material 26
8 Plastic Container Demand by Type & Market 28
9 Metal Container Demand by Type & Market 30
10 Glass Container Demand by Type & Market 32
11 Paperboard Container Demand by Type & Market 34
12 Cap & Closure Market, 1995-2005 36
13 Cap & Closure Pricing by Material 39
14 Foreign Trade in Caps & Closures 48

SECTION III -- RAW MATERIALS
1 Raw Material Use in Caps & Closures 51
2 Plastic Use in Caps & Closures 54
3 Metal Use in Caps & Closures 61
4 Other Material Use in Caps & Closures 65

SECTION IV -- PRODUCTS
1 Cap & Closure Demand by Material 69
2 Plastic Cap & Closure Supply & Demand 73
3 Threaded Plastic Cap & Closure Demand by Type 75
4 Standard Threaded Plastic Cap & Closure Demand by Market 77
5 Pressurized Threaded Plastic Cap & Closure Demand 84
6 Plastic Dispensing Cap & Closure Demand by Type & Market 87
7 Unthreaded Plastic Cap & Closure Demand by Type 94
8 Plastic Lid Demand by Market 97
9 Aerosol Cap & Closure Demand by Type & Market 100
10 Synthetic Cork Demand 104
11 Plastic Child-Resistant Cap & Closure Demand by Type 106
12 Metal Cap & Closure Supply & Demand 112
13 Metal Screw & Lug Cap & Closure Demand by Type & Market 114
14 Vacuum Screw & Lug Cap & Closure Demand 117
15 Nonvacuum Screw & Lug Cap & Closure Demand 119
16 Metal Crown Demand 122
17 Metal Roll-On Cap & Closure Demand 125
18 Other Metal Cap & Closure Demand 128
19 Other Cap & Closure Supply & Demand 129
20 Rubber Stopper Demand 132
21 Cork Cap & Closure Demand 135
22 Paperboard Cap & Closure Demand 138

SECTION V -- MARKETS
1 Cap & Closure Demand by Market 142
2 Beverage Indicators 146
3 Beverage Cap & Closure Demand by Market & Material 148
4 Carbonated Soft Drink Cap & Closure Market 150
5 Bottled Water Cap & Closure Market 151
6 Wine & Spirits Cap & Closure Market 154
7 Fruit Beverage Cap & Closure Market 156
8 Milk Cap & Closure Market 159
9 Beer Cap & Closure Market 161
10 Other Beverage Cap & Closure Markets 163
11 Food Indicators 166
12 Food Cap & Closure Demand by Market & Material 169
13 Sauce & Condiment Cap & Closure Market 173
14 Dairy Product Cap & Closure Market 176
15 Other Food Cap & Closure Market 179
16 Cosmetic & Toiletry Shipments 182
17 Cosmetic & Toiletry Cap & Closure Market 184
18 Pharmaceutical Shipments 189
19 Pharmaceutical Cap & Closure Market 193
20 Household Cleaning Chemical Shipments 195
21 Household Chemical Cap & Closure Market 198


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22 Automotive Chemical Indicators 201
23 Automotive Chemical Cap & Closure Market 204
24 Other Cap & Closure Markets 206

SECTION VI -- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
1 US Cap & Closure Sales by Company, 2005 210
2 Selected Acquisitions & Divestitures 222
3 Selected Cooperative Agreements 230

LIST OF CHARTS

CHART NUMBER PAGE

SECTION II -- MARKET ENVIRONMENT
1 Cap & Closure Market, 1995-2005 36
2 Cap & Closure Imports & Exports by Country, 2005 49

SECTION III -- RAW MATERIALS
1 Raw Material Use in Caps & Closures 52

SECTION IV -- PRODUCTS
1 Cap & Closure Demand by Material 70
2 Plastic Cap & Closure Demand by Type, 2005 74
3 Metal Cap & Closure Demand by Type, 2005 113

SECTION V -- MARKETS
1 Cap & Closure Demand by Market, 2005 142

SECTION VI -- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
1 US Cap & Closure Market Share, 2005 213